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With bridged networking, Oracle VM VirtualBox uses a device driver on your host system that filters data from your physical network adapter. This driver is therefore called a net filter driver. This enables Oracle VM VirtualBox to intercept data from the physical network and inject data into it, effectively creating a new network interface in software. When a guest is using such a new software interface, it looks to the host system as though the guest were physically connected to the interface using a network cable. The host can send data to the guest through that interface and receive data from it. This means that you can set up routing or bridging between the guest and the rest of your network.
Even though TAP interfaces are no longer necessary on Linux for bridged networking, you can still use TAP interfaces for certain advanced setups, since you can connect a VM to any host interface.
To enable bridged networking, open the Settings dialog of a virtual machine, go to the Network page and select Bridged Network in the drop-down list for the Attached To field. Select a host interface from the list at the bottom of the page, which contains the physical network interfaces of your systems. On a typical MacBook, for example, this will allow you to select between en1: AirPort, which is the wireless interface, and en0: Ethernet, which represents the interface with a network cable.
Bridging to a wireless interface is done differently from bridging to a wired interface, because most wireless adapters do not support promiscuous mode. All traffic has to use the MAC address of the host's wireless adapter, and therefore Oracle VM VirtualBox needs to replace the source MAC address in the Ethernet header of an outgoing packet to make sure the reply will be sent to the host interface. When Oracle VM VirtualBox sees an incoming packet with a destination IP address that belongs to one of the virtual machine adapters it replaces the destination MAC address in the Ethernet header with the VM adapter's MAC address and passes it on. Oracle VM VirtualBox examines ARP and DHCP packets in order to learn the IP addresses of virtual machines.
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Depending on your host operating system, the following limitations apply:
Mac OS X hosts. Functionality is limited when using AirPort, the Mac's wireless networking system, for bridged networking. Currently, Oracle VM VirtualBox supports only IPv4 and IPv6 over AirPort. For other protocols, such as IPX, you must choose a wired interface.
Linux hosts. Functionality is limited when using wireless interfaces for bridged networking. Currently, Oracle VM VirtualBox supports only IPv4 and IPv6 over wireless. For other protocols, such as IPX, you must choose a wired interface.
Also, setting the MTU to less than 1500 bytes on wired interfaces provided by the sky2 driver on the Marvell Yukon II EC Ultra Ethernet NIC is known to cause packet losses under certain conditions.
Some adapters strip VLAN tags in hardware. This does not allow you to use VLAN trunking between VM and the external network with pre-2.6.27 Linux kernels, or with host operating systems other than Linux.
Oracle Solaris hosts. There is no support for using wireless interfaces. Filtering guest traffic using IPFilter is also not completely supported due to technical restrictions of the Oracle Solaris networking subsystem. These issues may be addressed in later releases of Oracle Solaris 11.
On Oracle Solaris 11 hosts build 159 and above, it is possible to use Oracle Solaris Crossbow Virtual Network Interfaces (VNICs) directly with Oracle VM VirtualBox without any additional configuration other than each VNIC must be exclusive for every guest network interface.
When using VLAN interfaces with Oracle VM VirtualBox, they must be named according to the PPA-hack naming scheme, such as e1000g513001. Otherwise, the guest may receive packets in an unexpected format.
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Guest blog by RamaKrishna Sarma Chavali, Parallels Support Team
How does your virtual machine connect to the Internet in Parallels Desktop? This is a question I hear pretty often from users, so let me shed some light on this.
Parallels Desktop has three different networking modes to “talk to the world”. These are Bridged, Shared and Host-Only. Let’s take a look at how they work and what we can do with these three network modes.
Share Network Settings Between Mac OS X and Windows (Shared Mode):
When you set up a new VM, one of the basic network modes to choose from will be Shared mode. It’s applied by default, unless you change it to something different. In this networking mode, we use the Mac network to connect to the external network. It’s the easiest to use because your VM can use any type of network connection available on the Mac to connect to Internet, so it’s useful when you have a limited supply of IP addresses on your network.
This is the recommended type of networking for the VMs. When this networking mode is used your Mac will work as a router for your VM. As a result:
- Parallels Desktop creates a separate virtual subnet with its own virtual DHCP server running in OS X.
- A VM belongs to that virtual subnet with its own IP range.
- A VM is not visible in the real subnet the Mac belongs to.
- A VM can ping computers in the real subnet.
Apply Separate Network Settings to your VM (Bridged Mode):
When this networking mode is used, your VM’s network card establishes a direct connection with your Mac network card using a technology called “bridging.”
Your VM will have its own identity on your network. Generally, your VM acquires an IP address and other network details automatically from your network DHCP serverto access the local network and Internet through one of the network adapters installed on the host computer.
The VM acts as a standalone computer in the network and should be configured in the same way as a real one.
If you use a bridged network:
- A VM appears as a separate physical computer that belongs to the same subnet as the Mac it’s running on.
- A DHCP server (e.g. your router) provides a VM with an IP address within the same IP range as other computers in the same subnet.
- A VM can ping and see all computers in the subnet.
- Other computers can ping and see the VM.
You can change the VM configuration at any time. To choose the appropriate network mode, go to → Action menu → Configure → Hardware tab → Network.
Use Host-Only Network Settings (Host-Only Mode):
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The Host-Only network is a closed network that is accessible only to Mac OS X and Windows. Select this option to allow the VM to connect to the host computer and the VMs residing on it and to make it invisible outside of the host computer. Mac OS X is connected to this network via the Parallels Host-Only Networking adapter automatically created on your Mac during the Parallels Desktop installation. The addresses for Windows are provided by the Parallels DHCP server.
Believe it or not, it’s easy to configure your network according to what your needs are. Hopefully this extra information on networking in Parallels Desktop was useful, and don’t forget to follow the Support Team on Twitter!
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